Effects of train speed and passenger capacity on ground vibration of underground suburban railways.

This study aims to explore the optimal driving speed for ground vibration in suburban railway underground sections. We focused on the ground surface of suburban railway underground sections and developed a 3D finite element dynamic coupling model for the tunnel-soil system. Subsequently, considering factors such as train speed and passenger load, we analyzed the propagation characteristics of ground vibration responses in urban railway underground sections. The research results indicate a significant amplification phenomenon in the peak power spectrum of measurement points near the tunnels in underground sections. The high-frequency components of the power spectrum between measurement points are noticeably higher between the two tunnels. Furthermore, as the train speed increases, this amplification phenomenon becomes more pronounced, and the power spectrum of each measurement point mainly concentrates on several frequency bands, with the amplitude of the power spectrum near the prominent frequencies also increasing. However, when the train speed is between 100 and 120 km/h, the impact on the amplitude of the power spectrum at measurement points above the running tunnel is minimal. Additionally, the amplitude of the middle-to-high frequency components in the power spectrum increases with the increase in passenger numbers. The impact on the peak acceleration amplitude at each measurement point is minimal when the train speed is 80 km/h or below. However, once the train speed exceeds 80 km/h, the peak acceleration amplitude above the running tunnel rapidly increases, reaching its maximum value at 113 km/h, and then gradually decreasing.

A chromosome-scale genome provides new insights into the typical carotenoid biosynthesis in the important red yeast Rhodotorula glutinis QYH-2023 with anti-inflammatory effects.

Rhodotorula spp. has been studied as one powerful source for a novel cell factory with fast growth and its high added-value biomolecules. However, its inadequate genome and genomic annotation have hindered its widespread use in cosmetics and food industries. Rhodotorula glutinis QYH-2023, was isolated from rice rhizosphere soil, and the highest quality of the genome of the strain was obtained at chromosome level (18 chromosomes) than ever before in red yeast in this study. Comparative genomics analysis revealed that there are more key gene copies of carotenoids biosynthesis in R. glutinis QYH-2023 than other species of Rhodotorula spp. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed that lipids and carotenoids biosynthesis was significantly enriched during fermentation. Subsequent investigation revealed that the over-expression of the strain three genes related to carotenoids biosynthesis in Komagataella phaffii significantly promoted the carotenoid production. Furthermore, in vitro tests initially confirmed that the longer the fermentation period, the synthesized metabolites controlled by R. glutinis QYH-2023 genome had the stronger anti-inflammatory properties. All of the findings revealed a high-quality reference genome which highlight the potential of R. glutinis strains to be employed as chassis cells for biosynthesizing carotenoids and other active chemicals.

A circuitous route for in vitro multi-enzyme cascade production of cytidine triphosphate to overcome the thermodynamic bottleneck.

Cytidine triphosphate (CTP), as a substance involved in the metabolism of phospholipids, proteins and nucleic acids, has precise drug effects and is a direct precursor for the synthesis of drugs such as citicoline. In this study, we established an in vitro six-enzyme cascade system to generate CTP. To avoid thermodynamic bottlenecks, we employed a circuitous and two-stage reaction strategy. Using cytidine as the key substrate, the final product CTP is obtained via the deamination and uridine phosphorylation pathways, relying on the irreversible reaction of cytidine triphosphate synthase to catalyze the amination of uridine triphosphate. Several extremophilic microbial-derived deaminases were screened and characterized, and a suitable cytidine deaminase was selected to match the first-stage reaction conditions. In addition, directed evolution modification of the rate-limiting enzyme CTP synthetase in the pathway yielded a variant that successfully relieved the product feedback inhibition, along with a 1.7-fold increase in activity over the wild type. After optimizing the reaction conditions, we finally carried out the catalytic reaction at an initial cytidine concentration of 20 mM, and the yield of CTP exceeded 82% within 10.0 h.

PPDM++: Parallel Point Detection and Matching for Fast and Accurate HOI Detection.

Human-Object Interaction (HOI) detection aims to understand human activities by detecting interaction triplets. Previous HOI detection methods adopt a two-stage instance-driven paradigm. Unfortunately, many non-interactive human-object pairs generated by the first stage are the main obstacle impeding HOI detectors from high efficiency and promising performance. To remedy this, we propose a novel top-down interaction-driven paradigm, detecting interactions first and bridging interactive human-object pairs through interactions. We formulate HOI as a point triplet [Formula: see text]human point, interaction point, object point[Formula: see text] and design a Parallel Point Detection and Matching (PPDM) framework. We further take advantage of two-stage methods and propose a novel framework, PPDM++, that detects the interactive human-object pairs by PPDM, then extracts region features for each pair to predict actions. The core of PPDM/PPDM++ is to convert the instance-driven bottom-up paradigm to an interaction-driven top-down paradigm, thus avoiding additional computation costs from traversing a tremendous number of non-interactive pairs. Benefiting from the advanced paradigm, PPDM/PPDM++ has achieved significant performance gains with high efficiency. PPDM-DLA-34 has achieved 19.94 mAP with 42 FPS as the first real-time HOI detector, and PPDM++-SwinB achieves 30.1 mAP with 17 FPS on HICO-DET dataset. We also built an application-oriented database named HOI-A, a supplement to the existing datasets.

Comparative chloroplast genomes of Dactylicapnos species: insights into phylogenetic relationships.

BACKGROUND: Dactylicapnos is a climbing herbaceous vine, distributed from the Himalayas to southwestern China, and some of the species have important medicinal values. However, the chloroplast genomes of Dactylicapnos have never been investigated. In this study, chloroplast genomes of seven Dactylicapnos species covering all three sections and one informal group of Dactylicapnos were sequenced and assembled, and the detailed comparative analyses of the chloroplast genome structure were provided for the first time. RESULTS: The results showed that the chloroplast genomes of Dactylicapnos have a typical quadripartite structure with lengths from 172,344 bp to 176,370 bp, encoding a total of 133-140 genes, containing 88-94 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNAs and 37-39 tRNAs. 31 codons were identified as relative synonymous codon usage values greater than one in the chloroplast genome of Dactylicapnos genus based on 80 protein-coding genes. The results of the phylogenetic analysis showed that seven Dactylicapnos species can be divided into three main categories. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that seven species form three major clades which should be treated as three sections. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the initial report of the chloroplast genomes of Dactylicapnos, their structural variation, comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis for the first time. The results provide important genetic information for development of medical resources, species identification, infrageneric classification and diversification of Dactylicapnos.

Molecular mechanism of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus in manipulating the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway to augment virus replication.

Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), a member of the genus Megalocytivirus in the family Iridoviridae, can infect over 50 fish species and cause significant economic losses in Asia. Our previous study showed that hypoxia triggers the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway (HIF-pathway), leading to increased replication of ISKNV through promoting the upregulation of viral hypoxic response genes like orf077r. This study delved into the molecular mechanism of how ISKNV manipulates the HIF-pathway to enhance its replication. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that ISKNV infection activated the HIF-pathway, which in turn promoted ISKNV replication. These findings suggest that ISKNV actively manipulates the HIF-pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that the ISKNV-encoded protein VP077R interacts with the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein at the HIF-binding region, competitively inhibiting the interaction of HIF-1α with VHL. This prevents HIF degradation and activates the HIF-pathway. Furthermore, VP077R interacts with factor-inhibiting HIF (FIH), recruiting FIH and S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (Skp1) to form an FIH - VP077R - Skp1 complex. This complex promotes FIH protein degradation via ubiquitination, further activating the HIF-pathway. These findings indicated that ISKNV takes over the HIF-pathway by releasing two "brakes" on this pathway (VHL and FIH) via VP077R, facilitating virus replication. We speculate that hypoxia initiates a positive feedback loop between ISKNV VP077R and the HIF pathway, leading to the outbreak of ISKNV disease. This work offers valuable insights into the complex interactions between the environment, host, and virus.

Engineering of the Lrp/AsnC-type transcriptional regulator DecR as a genetically encoded biosensor for multilevel optimization of L-cysteine biosynthesis pathway in Escherichia coli.

L-cysteine is an important sulfur-containing amino acid being difficult to produce by microbial fermentation. Due to the lack of high-throughput screening methods, existing genetically engineered bacteria have been developed by simply optimizing the expression of L-cysteine-related genes one by one. To overcome this limitation, in this study, a biosensor-based approach for multilevel biosynthetic pathway optimization of L-cysteine from the DecR regulator variant of Escherichia coli was applied. Through protein engineering, we obtained the DecRN29Y/C81E/M90Q/M99E variant-based biosensor with improved specificity and an 8.71-fold increase in dynamic range. Using the developed biosensor, we performed high-throughput screening of the constructed promoter and RBS combination library, and successfully obtained the optimized strain, which resulted in a 6.29-fold increase in L-cysteine production. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) showed that the N29Y/C81E/M90Q/M99E variant had enhanced induction activity. This enhancement may be due to the increased binding of the variant to DNA in the presence of L-cysteine, which enhances transcriptional activation. Overall, our biosensor-based strategy provides a promising approach for optimizing biosynthetic pathways at multiple levels. The successful implementation of this strategy demonstrates its potential for screening improved recombinant strains.

Exploiting the Achilles' heel of cancer: disrupting glutamine metabolism for effective cancer treatment.

Cancer cells have adapted to rapid tumor growth and evade immune attack by reprogramming their metabolic pathways. Glutamine is an important nitrogen resource for synthesizing amino acids and nucleotides and an important carbon source in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and lipid biosynthesis pathway. In this review, we summarize the significant role of glutamine metabolism in tumor development and highlight the vulnerabilities of targeting glutamine metabolism for effective therapy. In particular, we review the reported drugs targeting glutaminase and glutamine uptake for efficient cancer treatment. Moreover, we discuss the current clinical test about targeting glutamine metabolism and the prospective direction of drug development.

Characterizing identity by descent segments in Chinese interpopulation unrelated individual pairs.

Identity by descent (IBD) segments, uninterrupted DNA segments derived from the same ancestral chromosomes, are widely used as indicators of relationships in genetics. A great deal of research focuses on IBD segments between related pairs, while the statistical analyses of segments in irrelevant individuals are rare. In this study, we investigated the basic informative features of IBD segments in unrelated pairs in Chinese populations from the 1000 Genome Project. A total of 5922 IBD segments in Chinese interpopulation unrelated individual pairs were detected via IBIS and the average length of IBD was 3.71 Mb in length. It was found that 17.86% of unrelated pairs shared at least one IBD segment in the Chinese cohort. Furthermore, a total of 49 chromosomal regions where IBD segments clustered in high abundance were identified, which might be sharing hotspots in the human genome. Such regions could also be observed in other ancestry populations, which implies that similar IBD backgrounds also exist. Altogether, these results demonstrated the distribution of common background IBD segments, which helps improve the accuracy in pedigree studies based on IBD analysis.

Harnessing PD-1 cell membrane-coated paclitaxel dimer nanoparticles for potentiated chemoimmunotherapy.

Chemoimmunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for improving the efficacy of cancer treatment. Herein, we present PD-1 receptor-presenting membrane-coated paclitaxel dimers nanoparticles (PD-1@PTX2 NPs) for enhanced treatment efficacy. PD-1 cell membrane-cloaked PTX dimer exhibited effective cellular uptake and increased cytotoxicity against cancer cells. PD-1@PTX2 NPs could selectively bind with PD-L1 ligands expressed on breast cancer cells. Our nanoparticles exhibit a remarkable tumor growth inhibition rate of 71.3% in mice bearing 4T1 xenografts and significantly prolong survival in mouse models of breast cancer. Additionally, our nanoparticles promoted a significant 3.2-fold increase in CD8+ T cell infiltration and 73.7% regulatory T cell (Treg) depletion within tumors, boosting a robust antitumor immune response. These findings underscore the potential of utilizing immune checkpoint receptor-presented PTX nanoparticles to enhance the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy, providing an alternative approach for improving cancer treatment.

Global dynamics of a time-delayed nonlocal reaction-diffusion model of within-host viral infections.

In this paper, we study a time-delayed nonlocal reaction-diffusion model of within-host viral infections. We introduce the basic reproduction number R 0 and show that the infection-free steady state is globally asymptotically stable when R 0 ≤ 1 , while the disease is uniformly persistent when R 0 > 1 . In the case where all coefficients and reaction terms are spatially homogeneous, we obtain an explicit formula of R 0 and the global attractivity of the positive constant steady state. Numerically, we illustrate the analytical results, conduct sensitivity analysis, and investigate the impact of drugs on curtailing the spread of the viruses.

Electrochemically Induced Ru/CoOOH Synergistic Catalyst as Bifunctional Electrode Materials for Alkaline Overall Water Splitting.

Efficient and affordable price bifunctional electrocatalysts based on transition metal oxides for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions have a balanced efficiency, but it remains a significant challenge to control their activity and durability. Herein, a trace Ru (0.74 wt.%) decorated ultrathin CoOOH nanosheets (≈4 nm) supported on the surface of nickel foam (Ru/CoOOH@NF) is rationally designed via an electrochemically induced strategy to effectively drive the electrolysis of alkaline overall water splitting. The as-synthesized Ru/CoOOH@NF electrocatalysts integrate the advantages of a large number of different HER (Ru nanoclusters) and OER (CoOOH nanosheets) active sites as well as strong in-suit structure stability, thereby exhibiting exceptional catalytic activity. In particular, the ultra-low overpotential of the HER (36 mV) and the OER (264 mV) are implemented to achieve 10 mA cm-2 . Experimental and theoretical calculations also reveal that Ru/CoOOH@NF possesses high intrinsic conductivity, which facilitates electron release from H2 O and H-OH bond breakage and accelerates electron/mass transfer by regulating the charge distribution. This work provides a new avenue for the rational design of low-cost and high-activity bifunctional electrocatalysts for large-scale water-splitting technology and expects to help contribute to the creation of various hybrid electrocatalysts.

MicroRNA transcriptome analysis reveals the immune regulatory mechanism of Crassostrea hongkongesis against Vibrio harveyi infection.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that modulate target-genes expression and play crucial roles in post-transcriptional regulation and immune system regulation. The Hong Kong oyster (Crassostrea hongkongesis), as the main marine aquaculture shellfish in the South China Sea, not only has high economic and ecological value, but also is an ideal model for conducting research on pathogen host interaction. Vibrio harveyi, a Gram negative luminescent marine bacterium, is widely distributed in coastal water environments and can cause large-scale death of C. hongkongesis. However, little in formation is available on the immune regulatory mechanisms of C. hongkongesis infected with V. harveyi. Therefore, we performed microRNA transcriptome analysis for elucidating the immunoregulation mechanism of C. hongkongesis infected with V. harveyi. The results show that a total of 308468208 clean reads and 288371159 clean tags were obtained. 222 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. A total of 388 target genes that were differentially expressed and negatively correlated with miRNA expression were predicted by 222 DEmiRs. GO enrichment analysis of 388 DETGs showed that they were mainly enriched in the immune-related term of membrane-bounded vesicle, endocytic vesicle lumen, antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I, and other immune-related term. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DETGs were mainly enriched in the Complement and coagulation cascades, Herpes simplex virus 1 infection, Bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, Antigen processing and presentation and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. The 16 key DEmiRs and their target genes form a regulatory network for seven immune-related pathways. These results suggest that V. harveyi infection induces a complex miRNA response with wide-ranging effects on immune gene expression in the C. hongkongesis. This study explored the immune response of C. hongkongesis to V. harveyi infection at the level of miRNAs, which provides new ideas for the healthy culture and selective breeding of C. hongkongesis.

Exploring a Fused Triazole-Tetrazine Binary CN Material for a Promising Initiating Substance.

The pursuit of binary carbon-nitrogen (CN) materials with high density and good thermal stability presents a significant challenge due to the inherent trade-off between high-energy storage and low bond dissociation energy. In this study, we designed and synthesized (S)-1,2-bis(3-azido-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)diazene (BAzTD) and 2,9-diazidobis([1,2,4]-triazolo)[1,5-d:5',1'-f][1,2,3,4]tetrazine (DAzTT) through a straightforward reaction. Remarkably, DAzTT demonstrated a high density of 1.816 g·cm-3 (at 298 K) and a considerable thermal decomposition temperature of 216.86 °C. These properties outperform those of previously reported binary heterocyclic CN compounds and polyazido heterocyclic compounds. The quantum-chemical methods further substantiated the integral role of aromaticity as the driving force behind this difference. Additionally, the initiation capability of DAzTT was evaluated by a notably low minimum primary charge (MPC = 40 mg), surpassing conventional organic primary explosives, such as commercial 2-diazo-4,6-dinitrophenol (DDNP, MPC = 70 mg). The exceptional priming ability highlights the potential as an environmentally friendly replacement for toxic lead azide. DAzTT sets a new standard for binary CN compounds and provides a valuable precursor for high-nitrogen carbon nitride materials.

Towards a hybrid model-driven platform based on flux balance analysis and a machine learning pipeline for biosystem design.

Metabolic modeling and machine learning (ML) are crucial components of the evolving next-generation tools in systems and synthetic biology, aiming to unravel the intricate relationship between genotype, phenotype, and the environment. Nonetheless, the comprehensive exploration of integrating these two frameworks, and fully harnessing the potential of fluxomic data, remains an unexplored territory. In this study, we present, rigorously evaluate, and compare ML-based techniques for data integration. The hybrid model revealed that the overexpression of six target genes and the knockout of seven target genes contribute to enhanced ethanol production. Specifically, we investigated the influence of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) on ethanol biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through shake flask experiments. The findings indicate a noticeable increase in ethanol yield, ranging from 6 % to 10 %, in SDH subunit gene knockout strains compared to the wild-type strain. Moreover, in pursuit of a high-yielding strain for ethanol production, dual-gene deletion experiments were conducted targeting glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) and SDH. The results unequivocally demonstrate significant enhancements in ethanol production for the engineered strains Δsdh4Δgpd1, Δsdh5Δgpd1, Δsdh6Δgpd1, Δsdh4Δgpd2, Δsdh5Δgpd2, and Δsdh6Δgpd2, with improvements of 21.6 %, 27.9 %, and 22.7 %, respectively. Overall, the results highlighted that integrating mechanistic flux features substantially improves the prediction of gene knockout strains not accounted for in metabolic reconstructions. In addition, the finding in this study delivers valuable tools for comprehending and manipulating intricate phenotypes, thereby enhancing prediction accuracy and facilitating deeper insights into mechanistic aspects within the field of synthetic biology.

Assessing genome-wide adaptations associated with range expansion in the pink rice borer, Sesamia inferens.

Understanding the genetic basis of adaptive evolution following habitat expansion can have important implications for pest management. The pink rice borer (PRB), Sesamia inferens (Walker), is a destructive pest of rice that was historically restricted to regions south of 34° N latitude in China. However, with changes in global climate and farming practices, the distribution of this moth has progressively expanded, encompassing most regions in North China. Here, 3 highly differentiated subpopulations were discovered using high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphism and structural variant datasets across China, corresponding to northern, southern China regions, and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, with significant patterns of isolation by geographic and environmental distances. Our estimates of evolutionary history indicate asymmetric migration with varying population sizes across the 3 subpopulations. Selective sweep analyses estimated strong selection at insect cuticle glycine-rich cuticular protein genes which are associated with enhanced desiccation adaptability in the northern group, and at the histone-lysine-N-methyltransferase gene associated with range expansion and local adaptation in the Shandong population. Our findings have significant implications for the development of effective strategies to control this pest.

Engineering the thermal stability of a polyphosphate kinase by ancestral sequence reconstruction to expand the temperature boundary for an industrially applicable ATP regeneration system.

ATP-dependent energy-consuming enzymatic reactions are widely used in cell-free biocatalysis. However, the direct addition of large amounts of expensive ATP can greatly increase cost, and enzymatic production is often difficult to achieve as a result. Although a polyphosphate kinase (PPK)-polyphosphate-based ATP regeneration system has the potential to solve this challenge, the generally poor thermal stability of PPKs limits the widespread use of this method. In this paper, we evaluated the thermal stability of a PPK from Sulfurovum lithotrophicum (SlPPK2). After directed evolution and computation-supported design, we found that SlPPK2 is very recalcitrant and cannot acquire beneficial mutations. Inspired by the usually outstanding stability of ancestral enzymes, we reconstructed the ancestral sequence of the PPK family and used it as a guide to construct three heat-stable variants of SlPPK2, of which the L35F/T144S variant has a half-life of more than 14 h at 60°C. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed on all enzymes to analyze the reasons for the increased thermal stability. The results showed that mutations at these two positions act synergistically from the interior and surface of the protein, leading to a more compact structure. Finally, the robustness of the L35F/T144S variant was verified in the synthesis of nucleotides at high temperature. In practice, the use of this high-temperature ATP regeneration system can effectively avoid byproduct accumulation. Our work extends the temperature boundary of ATP regeneration and has great potential for industrial applications.IMPORTANCEATP regeneration is an important basic applied study in the field of cell-free biocatalysis. Polyphosphate kinase (PPK) is an enzyme tool widely used for energy regeneration during enzymatic reactions. However, the thermal stability of the PPKs reported to date that can efficiently regenerate ATP is usually poor, which greatly limits their application. In this study, the thermal stability of a difficult-to-engineer PPK from Sulfurovum lithotrophicum was improved, guided by an ancestral sequence reconstruction strategy. The optimal variant has a 4.5-fold longer half-life at 60°C than the wild-type enzyme, thus enabling the extension of the temperature boundary for ATP regeneration. The ability of this variant to regenerate ATP was well demonstrated during high-temperature enzymatic production of nucleotides.

Core-shell ZnO@CoO nitrogen doped nano-composites as highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for organophosphate pesticides detection.

Core-shell ZIF-8@ZIF-67 was synthesized by growing a cobalt-based ZIF-67 on a ZIF-8 seed particle. Herein, through selective etching of the ZIF-8@ZIF-67 core and subsequent direct carbonization, core-shell hollow ZnO@CoO nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon (HZnO@CoO-NPC) nanocomposites were prepared. HZnO@CoO-NPCs possessed a high nitrogen content, large surface area, high degree of graphitization and excellent electrical conductivity, all of which were attributed to successfully integrating the unique advantages of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67. HZnO@CoO-NPCs were used to assemble acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biosensors for organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) detection. The low detection limit of 2.74 × 10-13 M for chlorpyrifos and 7.6 × 10-15 M for parathion-methyl demonstrated the superior sensing performance. The results showed that the electrochemical biosensor constructed by HZnO@CoO-NPC provided a sensitive and efficient electrochemical strategy for OPs detection.

Asymmetric Supercapacitors based on 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione Molecular Electrodes Paired with MXene.

An efficient approach to increase the energy density of supercapacitors is to prepare electrode materials with larger specific capacitance and increase the potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes in the device. Herein, an organic molecular electrode (OME) is prepared by anchoring 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (PD), which possesses two pyridine rings and an electron-deficient conjugated system, onto reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Because of the electron-deficient conjugated structure of PD molecule, PD/rGOs exhibit a more positive redox peak potential along with the advantages of high capacitance-controlled behaviour and fast reaction kinetics. Additionally, the small energy gap between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) leads to increased conductivity in PD/rGO. To assemble the asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC), a two-dimensional metal carbide, as known as MXene, with a chemical composition of Ti3C2Tx is selected as the negative electrode due to its exceptional performance, and PD/rGO-0.5 is employed as the positive electrode. Consequently, the working voltage is expanded up to 1.8 V. Through further electrochemical measurements, the assembled ASC (PD/rGO-0.5//Ti3C2Tx) achieves a remarkable energy density of 36.8 Wh kg-1. Remarkably, connecting two ASCs in series can power 73 LEDs, showcasing its promising potential for energy storage applications.

Prenatal diagnosis of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 9 with a 10.05-Mb microdeletion at Xq21.31q22.1 inherited from mother: A case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 9 (DEE9) is characterized by early infantile seizures and mild-to-severe neuropsychiatric symptoms. Despite being an X-linked dominant disorder, DEE9 mainly affects heterozygous females or mosaic males, while hemizygous males are less affected. PCDH19 gene has been documented as the causative gene. METHODS: Karyotyping analysis and copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) were performed on a pregnant woman with epilepsy, together with her husband, son, and fetus. RESULTS: A disease-causing microdeletion, seq[GRCh37] del(X)(q21.31q22.1) (90310001-100360000), was identified in the pregnant woman and her female fetus. The microdeletion includes the entire PCDH19 gene and is classified as "pathogenic" according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. CONCLUSION: In this case study, we have not only identified the epilepsy type of the woman as DEE9 but have also made an unfavorable prognosis for her fetus. Our findings from this prenatal case provide valuable clinical resources for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling, while also implying the potential of CNV-seq as a viable method for uncovering PCDH19-related epilepsy.